My Life Of My Dad - 2114 Words

On August 25, 1996, I was born in a hospital at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. At that time, my mom was 21 years old and my dad was 19 years old. By the time I was born, my older brother was 19 months old and my parents had been married for a little over 2 years. On my mom’s side I am mostly German and Irish and on my dad’s side I am part Scandinavian and part Seminole. I currently know nothing of my dad’s paternal heritage as my biological grandfather is in prison and has never had a relationship with my father. Because my parents were married fresh out of high school and had children shortly thereafter, neither of them attained a 4-year degree. My mom has been an amazing stay-at-home mom and my dad was†¦show more content†¦These eight stages of development are laid out similar to levels in a classic video game; each stage is defined by a crisis that any particular individual will inevitably have to work through at so me point in his or her lifetime. Successfully completing a crisis leads to positive developmental and cognitive growth. Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson’s earliest stage, Trust vs. Mistrust is distinguished by an infant’s need of a mother figure to satisfy their basic needs: warmth, nourishment, physical contact, and cleanliness (Berner, 2014, p.40). Opposite of trust is mistrust, when the child’s basic needs are neglected or not entirely fulfilled. In this stage, â€Å"the child must not only learn to trust in its mother but also to trust in itself† (Fleming, 2004). According to Fleming (2004), it is healthy for a child to experience some level of mistrust so that, at an early age they may begin to learn to trust in themselves. Although I cannot directly recall anything from this stage in my life, I can speculate based on pictures, stories, and how the rest of my life has gone that I was very well cared for and I formed a strong trust in my mother and father. My mom was a stay-at-home mom so she was always around to take care of me. She has told me that she didn’t see the point in having a job when most of that paycheck would just go into having strangers raise her children. I am thankful that my mom decided to stay with us as children;

Body Image vs. Self Esteem - 1565 Words

BODY IMAGE VS. SELF-ESTEEM According to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary, diet is food and drink regularly provided or consumed. It is also defined as the regimen of eating and drinking sparingly so as to reduce one’s weight. The latter definition will be the one used for this research paper. Currently, up to fifty percent of women have tried dieting at some point in their lives and at least 90 percent of teenagers diet regularly. Due to this, the â€Å"diet fad† is worth billions with its government, pharmaceutical, and weight loss agencies funding it. Americans alone spend more money on weight loss programs and products than any other nation. People go on diets for a number of reasons. One reason is their concern for their health. Many†¦show more content†¦When success gets the majority of the ratio, a person feels good about him/herself. A poor body image is classified under failures. In turn, self-esteem is hindered greatly by poor body image. There is a thin line between body image and self-esteem but one greatly affects the other. Body image becomes a major factor in having a high or low self-esteem. In improving your body image, you are unconsciously creating an â€Å"ideal self.† According to Brennecke (1978), â€Å"as we gain more experience with life, we begin to develop an image of what we wish to be: our ideal self.† He also stated that this is largely affected by culture, family, friends and media. In many cases, our ideal self can be unrealistic and hard to attain. These high expectations cause people to fall short on their image. As stated above, people usually prefer dieting as their key solution to improve their body image. Based on personal interviews, people are not always happy with the results of their dieting. Most of them are tempted by the food they try to avoid. Some of them don’t get contented with the results because it wasn’t what they were aiming for. This is because dieting is tricky. 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Technologies in Psychological Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Technologies in Psychological Sciences. Answer: Introduction The scientific investigation of human cognition incorporating new technologies in psychological sciences is referred to cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychologists tend to know the process of mental abilities such as thinking, perceiving, learning, and reasoning, and to know how people acquire and apply information (Galotti 2013). Experiments in this area are related to stimulus and response. Cognitive psychologists accept scientific methods (Block 2014). This is a broad area and requires the psychologists to research a broad arena of research topics. The assignment intends to discuss the validity of the statement Cognitive Psychologists prefer experimental method over other research methods to study cognitive processes. The assignment provides a background to cognitive processes and gives evidence of using experimental method to study different cognitive processes. Further, examples from different research studies conducted in this area are presented. Other ideas and examples of r esearch methods used by the psychologists such as case studies, interviews to study the cognitive process are highlighted in the paper. The methods, which are prominent in the study of cognition, are discussed and analysed in the assignment. Background of the study of cognitive processes Many cognitive psychologists prefer and use quantitative research methodsfor studying the process of cognition. Experimental designs are used to study cognitive processes for example the effect of noise on the mathematical efficiency. These methods include both control and experimental groups in their research studies. Mental functions are studied via psychological experimentation and involve indirect methods such as reasoning. It helps in understanding the behaviour influencing factors (). Based on the observations of visible actions the researcher makes conclusions. In experimental research methods, there is a benefit of altering the manipulated factorsin a desired way. Numerous modern approaches have been developed in cognitive psychology based on the experimental studies. It led to development of various empirical methods and its verification over time. The results obtained have helped in finding of enhanced approaches in the field of psychology. According to Galotti (2013) behav iour can be understood by meditational processes such as attention, perception, as they mediate between the stimulus and response. Therefore, the behaviourist approach cannot be used to study the internal behaviour or measure objectively without knowing persons mind. Hence, cognitive approaches use laboratory experiments the method of introspection, memory psychology, interviews, case studies, observations and computer modelling. Reed (2012) described that cognitive neuropsychology explained cognitive dysfunction by using existing theories. It uses distinct methods such as Qualitative analysis of behaviour, Neuropsychological test batteries, Group and single-case studies. Introspection method developed by Wundt, was one of the early methodologies used in the cognitive psychology to study the elements of perception. These methods provide valuable insights (Fiske and Taylor 2013). The interview method used by Piaget and Kohlberg on the other hand involves social interaction. These methods include asking different set of questions to different vulnerable groups in formal, informal or in structured manner (Bryman 2015). Cognitive psychologists also use observational and systematic studies to reveal different cognitive abilities in human. For example, Jean Piaget have undertaken detailed observational studies including series of ingenious tests to reveal childs cognitive development. In quasi-experimental study designs, the investigator studies the naturally occurring groups. The researcher can take separate groups of men and women to study their mathematical performance without being able to manipulate their sex (Kane et al. 2016). Using the correlational research methods, the cognitive psychologists can for example hypothesise a positive relation between IQ scores and working memory capacity. Cognitive psychologists use this method as it eliminates the drawbacks associated with the random assignment of participants (Lachman et al. 2015). According to Lin et al. (2016) some cognitive psychologists prefer psychobiological research methods to identify the relationship between the cognition and the brain's structures and activities. With the help of the post-mortem studies, the brains of normal individuals can be compared with those having cognitive deficits. Animal studies are high used as it is difficult to probe the living human brains. In one such Nobel-prize w inning research method, cat brain was inserted with microelectrodes to record the electrical activity of the visual cortex cells (Einevoll et al. 2013). Further, with the development of computing techniques, the computational modeling today presents a useful method of studying cognitive functions. With magnetic resonance imaging and similar other methods such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the study of brain structures and active areas have become easy for researchers (Laureiro?Martnez et al. 2015). It was evident from the study of Johnson and Busemeyer (2016) that cognitive psychologists conduct Process-tracing studiesto record the focus of attention of the participants across time. For example in protocol analysis the subject is asked to continually think out loud as if working on some task. Later the researcher records and transcribes the verbalizations followed by its coding and analysis. Such studies have been found to indicate the complexity of participants thought.Other similar methods include computer mouse tracking, eye movement tracking, and diaries (Siegler 2016). The study executed by Saxe (2015) highlighted that many cognitive psychologists used case studies for intensely investigating the individuals having cognitive deficits or any exceptional abilities. These studies were useful in identifying the inability to form new memories. For example the famous case study of Henry Gustav Molaison (1926-2008), who participated in various research studies after losing the ab ility to form new memories following a brain operation to relieve epilepsy. Other research methods used in cognitive psychology are observing subjects in real-life settings where they may be covert or aware. This method offcourse involves ethical considerations. Sternberg and Sternberg (2016) described that in cognitive psychology, the aspects of human psychology are imitated using computer simulations an artificial intelligences. It makes use of particular theory in computer program which if produces output resembling human responses confirms that coherence and plausibility of the theory. Discussion Newport (2016) highlighted that laboratory experiments are preferred by the cognitive psychologists typically to study human behaviour. It is believed that cognitive approach is the scientific one. Rigorous and strict laboratory investigations have helped in understanding the human mind, and information processing system by shifting away from studying the conditioned behaviour and psychoanalytical notions. This idea of information processing using computer as tool worked as a model for cognitive psychologists to understand how human thought works. In late 1950s this cognitive approach have revolutionised psychology. This computer analogy was based on assumptions that there are series of processing systems that processes the information available from the environment including attention, short-term memory, and others. The information is transformed or altered in systematic manner, by the processing systems. The cognitive psychologists then specify the processes and structures underlyi ng cognitive performance. The human information processing resembles that in computers (Barsalou 2014). The various methods of experimental cognitive psychology (Einevoll et al. 2013) includes- Chronometric methods- reaction times were used to measure brain function such as subtraction method. This helped to analyse the time taken by human to perceive the stimulus and execute the motor response Sternbergs paradigm- introduced the psychology of speed of retrieval from short-term memory. Experimenting with group of people it was found that the reaction time increases linearly as per the number of items held in memory. It concluded that the short-term memory scanning is a serial process. Distractor techniques- helped in identifying how long a subject can hold information and rate of its decay during distraction. Tachistoscopic methods- are interesting tool which provide information on visual memory functions, visualmotor response speed and simple visual sensory acuity while assessing individual patient assessment Dichotic listening research- in this experiment subjects are exposed to 2 different auditory stimuli simultaneously. In each trial the subjects were presented with three pairs of dichotic digits and were allowed to recall. The subjects have damage to either the left or the right temporal lobe. The results indicated an advantage to right ear which reported items presented with greater accuracy Piaget was the first psychologist, who preferred observational studies to measure how children count, solve problems and to know how the idea of time, causality, and number emerged in them. His work was described as genetic epistemology meaning the origin of thinking (Siegler 2016). Based on this studies Piaget has developed various cognitive theories on how children constructs a mental model of the world. Thus, Piaget gave three components of cognitive theory that is schemas, adaptation process, and different stages of development. This has useful educational implications. The ideas of Piaget related to child developmental psychology has enormous influence, which changed the way of communication with children. However, Montello (2016) criticises that cognitive approach ignores biology, and cannot objectively study behaviourism. (MacDonald and Ritvo 2016) argued that the experimental methods for studying cognition have certain drawbacks. While experimenting an artificial environment is set up this may lead to unintentional ignorance of coherences and certain facts. This may be due to suppression of various factors for attaining clarity. The focus of the participant is determined by experimenters instructions and hence the natural factors that are influencing the focus of attention are rarely understood. Pchhacker (2016) also argued that since the mental phenomena are studied in isolation, the experimental setup decouples the aspect at issue from adjacent and interacting mental processes. Therefore, not in real life but in idealised experimental setting the results appear to be valid. Hence, it does not ensure the internal validity. Further, it also includes 30% variance not considering the individual differences. The challenge for future cognitive psychology experiments is to involve the knowledge of individual differences in general studies. Moreover, the introspection method is also subjective and has unscientific nature. This method ran into difficulties because people were themselves unaware of their behaviour and underlying reasons (Reed 2012). The structured interview method was also criticised because close-ended questions lacked details of an individuals particular behaviour. However, the unstructured interview generates valid data with detailed analysis of an individual with specific psychological problem. There is a chance of error during interpretation of group interviews requiring thematic analysis (Bryman 2015). On the other hand, Moran (2016) criticises that the information processingparadigm of cognitive psychology. Although the human mind has resemblance with the computer, the mind does not process information exactly like the computers. The later too does not have emotions like human. The observational studies started by Piaget are also criticised as his concentration on universal stages of biological mat uration and cognitive development fails to consider the effect of culture and social setting. This social interaction method and clinical interviews are subjected to biased interpretation when compared to other research methods (Bryman 2015). Conclusion To perform research in the cognitive science, combining different approaches and methods together is an effective and productive way. It assists to gain an overall picture from the research area comprising the views and ideas from different fields (Block 2014). However, cognitive science is not yet successful in merging different areas together. The report has provided a brief overview of some of the research methods used by the cognitive psychologists. However, every method has some drawbacks. However, the classical experimental methods still present the core approach to testing and developing models of cognitive function. Many breakthroughs in understanding the human cognition was provided by ingenious experimental designs. The aim of the paper was to discuss the validity of the statement Cognitive Psychologists prefer experimental method over other research methods to study cognitive processes. Based on critical analysis, this statement is valid in some but not all cases. The significance of the requirement of sound theoretical background while conducting research in cognitive psychology is well known. There are no words to further emphasise on it importance and particularly in view of using advanced neurophysiological techniques like MRI, PET. Inspite of various methods developed what is known about the brain and cognition is still piecemeal. It is useless to perform imaging without good psychology. There is no point being biased towards one particular research method over others. There is need of careful cooperation and research planning among various fields of cognitive neuroscience. Only this can ensure possibility of future breakthroughs in understanding cognitive psychologists. References Barsalou, L.W., 2014.Cognitive psychology: An overview for cognitive scientists. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=3kbrAgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Barsalou,+L.W.,+2014.+Cognitive+psychology:+An+overview+for+cognitive+scientists.+Psychology+Press.ots=jdtsq67sTCsig=S8vgz-KJSgA2nPzmQiBCjzan7Ws#v=onepageq=Barsalou%2C%20L.W.%2C%202014.%20Cognitive%20psychology%3A%20An%20overview%20for%20cognitive%20scientists.%20Psychology%20Press.f=false Block, R.A., 2014.Cognitive models of psychological time. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=18mYAgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Block,+R.A.,+2014.+Cognitive+models+of+psychological+time.+Psychology+Press.ots=DhhdGK6QMssig=h0cz-8vdH1TmwD0uZFNhTokKLrM#v=onepageqf=false Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=N2zQCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Bryman,+A.,+2015.+Social+research+methods.+Oxford+university+press.ots=dnQtGUL5sdsig=HqFBxgP1LcURINclwlkPvM9Ugm8#v=onepageq=Bryman%2C%20A.%2C%202015.%20Social%20research%20methods.%20Oxford%20university%20press.f=false Einevoll, G.T., Kayser, C., Logothetis, N.K. and Panzeri, S., 2013. Modelling and analysis of local field potentials for studying the function of cortical circuits.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,14(11), pp.770-785. https://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n11/abs/nrn3599.html Fiske, S.T. and Taylor, S.E., 2013.Social cognition: From brains to culture. Sage. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=uVJdBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Fiske,+S.T.+and+Taylor,+S.E.,+2013.+Social+cognition:+From+brains+to+culture.+Sage.ots=2emYRZQQ-Tsig=H4cX_fBunyGyZWr8eh3dJU7aXj8#v=onepageq=Fiske%2C%20S.T.%20and%20Taylor%2C%20S.E.%2C%202013.%20Social%20cognition%3A%20From%20brains%20to%20culture.%20Sage.f=false Galotti, K.M., 2013.Cognitive psychology in and out of the laboratory. SAGE. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=4_dH0ur--ecCoi=fndpg=PR1dq=Galotti,+K.M.,+2013.+Cognitive+psychology+in+and+out+of+the+laboratory.+SAGE.ots=B3zz2TUOgLsig=Q6YXI_S0Mx6TgwNBNMW0zfJgBAY#v=onepageqf=false Johnson, J.G. and Busemeyer, J.R., 2016. A Computational Model of the Attention Process in Risky Choice. https://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2016-07238-001/ Kane, M.J., Meier, M.E., Smeekens, B.A., Gross, G.M., Chun, C.A., Silvia, P.J. and Kwapil, T.R., 2016. Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,145(8), p.1017. https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xge/145/8/1017/ Lachman, R., Lachman, J.L. and Butterfield, E.C., 2015.Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=OCVACwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=+Lachman,+R.,+Lachman,+J.L.+and+Butterfield,+E.C.,+2015.+Cognitive+psychology+and+information+processing:+An+introduction.+Psychology+Press.ots=OKvKxURtCPsig=U8KrsuA6L5LjVclAOatb3GRf2OE#v=onepageq=Lachman%2C%20R.%2C%20Lachman%2C%20J.L.%20and%20Butterfield%2C%20E.C.%2C%202015.%20Cognitive%20psychology%20and%20information%20processing%3A%20An%20introduction.%20Psychology%20Press.f=false Laureiro?Martnez, D., Brusoni, S., Canessa, N. and Zollo, M., 2015. Understanding the explorationexploitation dilemma: An fMRI study of attention control and decision?making performance.Strategic Management Journal,36(3), pp.319-338. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.2221/full Lin, Y., Durbin, J.M. and Rancer, A.S., 2016. Math Anxiety, Need for Cognition, and Learning Strategies in Quantitative Communication Research Methods Courses.Communication Quarterly, pp.1-20. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103294 MacDonald, S.E. and Ritvo, S., 2016. Comparative Cognition Outside the Laboratory.Comparative Cognition Behavior Reviews,11. https://comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org/2016/vol11_macdonald_ritvo/ Montello, D.R., 2016. Behavioral Methods for Spatial Cognition Research.Research Methods for Environmental Psychology, p.161. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=vJqLBgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA161dq=Behavioral+Methods+for+Spatial+Cognition+Researchots=hPGDKsBdfFsig=udJ33XAOqUgRxAz3bPOvelzlJoo#v=onepageq=Behavioral%20Methods%20for%20Spatial%20Cognition%20Researchf=false Moran, A.P., 2016.The psychology of concentration in sport performers: A cognitive analysis. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9-t5CwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Moran,+A.P.,+2016.+The+psychology+of+concentration+in+sport+performers:+A+cognitive+analysis.+Psychology+Press.ots=PW0xPV6lz-sig=56y7bsHKuscG715dSAtRe6NmP8g#v=onepageqf=false Newport, E.L., 2016. Statistical language learning: Computational, maturational, and linguistic constraints.Language and Cognition,8(03), pp.447-461. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-and-cognition/article/div-classtitlestatistical-language-learning-computational-maturational-and-linguistic-constraintsdiv/9C82FE9C02675DCA6E02A1B26F6251AF Pchhacker, F., 2016.Introducing interpreting studies. Routledge. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=j3xwCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=+P%C3%B6chhacker,+F.,+2016.+Introducing+interpreting+studies.+Routledge.ots=3jCEs-fk9osig=yv-LaZVS2cHx7TLyN-wnOYtSxYw#v=onepageq=P%C3%B6chhacker%2C%20F.%2C%202016.%20Introducing%20interpreting%20studies.%20Routledge.f=false Reed, S.K., 2012.Cognition: Theories and applications. CENGAGE learning. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ma0KAAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=.+Cognition:+Theories+and+applications.+CENGAGE+learningots=DK_F8GN4p8sig=A45W0Ok-yDpBAUWI53cDN31zboA#v=onepageq=.%20Cognition%3A%20Theories%20and%20applications.%20CENGAGE%20learningf=false Saxe, G.B., 2015.Culture and cognitive development: Studies in mathematical understanding. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=VUxsBgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=.+Saxe,+G.B.,+2015.+Culture+and+cognitive+development:+Studies+in+mathematical+understanding.+Psychology+Press.ots=t22nLQQFx2sig=tzE97XNdY99m8B9Jy4yYFI5Nfl4#v=onepageqf=false Siegler, R.S., 2016. Continuity and change in the field of cognitive development and in the perspectives of one cognitive developmentalist.Child Development Perspectives,10(2), pp.128-133. https://www.psy.cmu.edu/~siegler/earlybird-Siegler16.pdf Sternberg, R. and Sternberg, K., 2016.Cognitive psychology. Nelson Education.

The subject of Sun Bear treatment always has a lot of very strong opinions on both sides of the story Essay Example For Students

The subject of Sun Bear treatment always has a lot of very strong opinions on both sides of the story Essay The subject of Sun Bear treatment always has a lot of very strong opinions on both sides of the story. I personally feel that the cruelty of killing Sun Bears for their body parts and bile extraction is extremely unnecessary, even though it can be used for medical purposes. The extraction of bile from Sun Bears and the other species of bears has been used for traditional Chinese medicine for over 3,000 years. The medicine helps cure illness related to high temperatures, sore eyes, relieving spasms and liver upset. Bears provide an abundant supply of bile. They have the highest content of bile compared to any other animal. We will write a custom essay on The subject of Sun Bear treatment always has a lot of very strong opinions on both sides of the story specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is what makes them such a target and it is a main reason for the species being endangered. One of the main reasons why I am against the extraction of bile is because it often results in the unnecessary death of Sun Bears and I believe that other ways should be used to produce/consume bile. Many Chinese Practitioners state that there are at least 75 herbal alternatives on the market currently and that can replace the use of bile in medicines, 54 of them have been proven to work. The alternatives are a cheaper, more convenient source and they are just as effective without the cruelty and the deaths of innocent animals. On the other side of the story, it provides good sources of income and employment. It is a good tourist attraction as many people enjoy eating their meat. Using Sun Bears as a source of food is no different than any other animal, since all other animals get slaughtered for their meat and their body parts are used, including their paws and gall bladders which are removed after the bear is dead. For example pigs get slaughtered for their meat and their ears are used as a snack for dogs and other similar pets, yet there are no major petitions against that, so why should it be any different for Sun Bears. In fact Sun Bears help produce many products and delicacies such as shampoo and wine. Even though Sun Bear products are useful and do provide a lot of good things, the species are almost extinct and research shows that the Bear farms are doing very little to conserve the species. The bears are treated horribly and have to go through tremendous events such as bile extraction. When the bile is being milked from them, some farmers have confessed that the bears show great signs of distress and some even gnaw at their own paws because the pain is so unbearable. The majority of the time the bears are milked by the farmers themselves and it is rare that the farmer has any veterinary qualifications, resulting in a lot of complications. The research done has shown that every two successful extractions result in 2-3 deaths due to infection or other complications. The bears are held on an average cage size of 0. 8m x 1. 3m x 2m, making it very hard for the bear to move. The floor surface is made of iron bars, meaning they do not have a stable, flat surface. That results in back and neck problems since the bear has to sleep on the iron bars. This is not the only cruel treatment that the bears go through. If the bear stops producing bile, often around the age of 5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"10 years, the farm staff will transport the bear to a different cage where it is left to die of starvation or infection, or if the bear survives long enough, it is cooked and used as meat, as well as having its paws are cut off and gall bladder removed and then sold to consumers. Jiang Zemin, President of Peoples Republic Of China writes in his letter to Hiroshi Ohki, Minister of the Environment: I am appalled to learn of the barbaric treatment of bears, kept for their bile at farms in China. .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .postImageUrl , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:hover , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:visited , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:active { border:0!important; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:active , .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc71a6a918d1e3199f05aa34d56a8744d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Newspaper Artical on The Murder of Mrs. Tyler By Lennie Smalls EssayThe findings of WSPA prove that bear farming can never be justified. The bear bile is not only used for medical remedies. In 1999, the bear bile in small bottles, began to be given out as a free gift to passengers on a plane. This is not the only example of bear bile being used outside of medical research. Because the rise in interest of bear farms, bear bile has become a lot more wanted in a wider range. This has led to an opening in a whole new market and bear bile is now being used for things such as eye drops and a whole range of pre-prepared ointments. However bile extraction and meat consumption is not the only threat to Sun Bears. Sun Bears are also commonly used as pets in Taiwan. In 1991, in Taiwan, amongst the public, there were 140 bears registered as pets with 120 of them being sun bears. As each family member is allowed to legally own 2 of any species of animal, a family of 4 can own up to 8 Sun Bears. Like chimpanzees, when they are adult they are far to big, aggressive and strong to keep as a pet, even though the Sun Bear is the smallest Bear species. When they do reach adulthood, they are often sold to bear farms or killed by the family. In conclusion, I realise that some the bile has been used for medical reasons and has worked effectively, but this is no excuse for the horrendous pain and suffering the Sun Bears and other species of bears have gone through and are still going through because there are plenty of alternatives that are available instead of bear bile that work just as effectively. Now the governments have to put a stop to Bear farms and stop this act for good.